About Hungary’s Geopolitical Self-Positioning in Europe
Abstract
Where are the inhabitants of Hungary positioning themselves geopolitically in Europe? This and similar questions have been affecting Hungarian spiritual life for centuries, and the necessity to find an answer to this question pushed its way to the foreground especially during times of political upheaval. This has little to do with real geographical circumstances; it is more the result of a mental mapping which presents itself in people’s minds and which corresponds with political, economic and cultural power.Hungary is a component of the western world – this is the present official self-allocation of the government of President Orbán, and its justification is as simple as it is plausible: Since its political shift in October, 1989, Hungary has been a democratic republic, since 1999 it has been a member of NATO and since 2004 a member of the European Union. Furthermore, in the first half of 2011 Hungary held the presidency of the EU Council. However, this self-view comes at the end of a development which has not proceeded along a straight path. Prior to 1989 Hungary could declare itself as a country in the middle of Europe, because it was the most western non-capitalistic country resp. on the border between socialism and capitalism. Nevertheless, the self-positioning of the country also changed during socialism between assignments to Central Europe, East Europe, East Central Europe and Middle East Europe. In the 21st century from a Hungarian perspective, this self-allocation is not persuasive any more: The Soviet expansionist policy is no longer relevant; the central aim is a combined Europe and a “Central Europe” concept cannot give prestige to Hungary.
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