Mediation of Cultural Specificity – The Commentary of Alois Schmaus to his Translation of the Gorski vijenac
Abstract
The present paper is dedicated to the commentaries which Alois Schmaus added to his hitherto unsurpassed German translation of Gorski vijenac by Petar II Petrović Njegoš, published in 1963. Its emphasis will be on the analysis of the methods which Schmaus utilised in order to so successfully introduce his German-speaking audience to the cultural terminology and contexts, as well as to the distinctive linguistic features of the original oeuvre.
Translations differ of course from comments made for readers of any original. For the latter, it is not necessary to explain the significance of a Marko Kraljević or Miloš Obilić, what is meant by the house patron’s feast or other concepts of culture. The situation is very different for readers of literature in translation. Without knowledge of the historical context, the protagonists and author, there is no way of accessing the message contained in prose and verse. Schmaus takes over existing explanations, while enriching these greatly with new insight into Montenegrin culture.
In a comment part comprising 43 pages, the single verses of the Gorski vijenac are explained in detail. Schmaus not only refers to the contents of the verses translated into German, but also on their poetic function and meaning within Njegoš’s philosophical concept. Focusing on linguistic and cultural features, Schmaus describes in great detail concepts and terms specifically pertaining to Montenegro and thus providing the overall context and cultural background of the piece. Rather than “just” providing a German translation, Schmaus deals with 1. social culture, 2. customs and traditions, 3. beliefs and 4. folklore.
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