Two different Approaches to Translating Njegoš’s Gorski vijenac into German (Katharina Jovanovits and Alois Schmaus)
Abstract
The first translator of the epic Gorski vijenac by Petar II. Petrović Njegoš into German was the Austrian philologist Johann Kirste; his translation under the title Der Bergkranz appeared in Vienna 1886. After him, the ethnographer and translator Katharina Jovanovits set to work on a translation of this epic; her translation appeared in Leipzig 1939. The third one, made by Alois Schmaus, was published in 1963 in Munich.
The article is a comparison of the efforts of Katharina Jovanovits and Alois Schmaus. The main questions are: 1. What was their motivation in translating the work? 2. Which principles did they apply in making their translations? 3. To what extent did they understand and communicate the author's messages contained in his work?
The goal of both translations was to bring the German reader closer to a national literary work, the history, the culture and the centuries-long struggle of the Montenegrins for their freedom. Their introductory remarks to their translations, as well as the studies of Alois Schmaus on the person and poetry of Njegoš, show a deep esteem for Njegoš as a poet. Alois Schmaus devoted himself in a whole series of studies to analyzing the mountain range. In his view, this poetry is crowned by a deep ethic of heroism that was motivated by a centuries-long, bloody struggle. At the same time, according to Schmaus, the work contains another political message from the statesman Njegoš as a representative and advocate of the national principle. The Bergkranz justifies his political activity, his fight against internal and external resistance, as well as his desire to unite the Montenegrin tribes. The Bergkranz is both a symbol and a sign of the approaching Serbian revolution and the Serbs’ struggle for independence.
All in all, Katharina Jovanovits’ and Alois Schmaus’ translations manifest a strong sensitivity and a deep understanding of the content and messages that Petar Petrović left to posterity in his epic. With their translations, they have made a valuable contribution to German Slavic studies and the transmission of Montenegrin culture to the German-speaking public.
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